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return to main text of: Constitutional form and ideological content
Table III: 1. Form and content of African francophone constitutional preambles:
LEGEND:
+ : explicitly in main text
- : not in main text
o : not explicitly in main text
n.e.: not explicitly
n.a.: not applicable
no : not in preamble
yes : in preamble
Niger |
Cameroon |
Senegal |
Mali |
Zaire |
Zaire |
|
(1960) |
(1972) |
(1960) |
(1974 |
(1964) |
(1978) |
|
DEFINITION |
||||||
introductory
text present |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
historical
conditions evoked |
no |
yes |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
principles
evoked |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
source of
authority explicitly stated |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
FORMAL
PROPERTIES |
||||||
introductory
text called preamble |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
length of
introductory text |
(short) |
(long) |
(medium) |
(medium) |
(medium) |
(medium) |
(no. of
words) |
70 |
670 |
100300 |
100300 |
100300 |
100300 |
HISTORICAL
CONDITIONS |
||||||
historical
conditions evoked |
no |
yes |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
as
transition to different form of the state |
no |
n.e |
yes |
no |
yes |
no |
as dangers
confronting the nation and measures aimed at countering
these dangers |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS |
||||||
reference
to fundamental rights |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
preamble
presented as exhaustive enumeration fundamental rights |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
no |
reference
to Declaration of 1789 |
yes |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
reference
to Universal Declaration 1948 |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
preamble
explicitly presented as guarantee of fundamental rights
(NB: This point is somewhat charged since such guarantee
may usually only be implied, by means of reference to the
Universal Declaration of 1948) |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
reference
to specific fundamental rights |
no |
yes |
n.e |
yes |
no |
no |
classic
fundamental Rights |
||||||
right to
personal growth |
no |
no |
no+ |
yes |
no |
yes+ |
political
rights in general |
n.e.+ |
n.e+ |
yes+ |
n.e.+ |
no+ |
no+ |
freedom of
movement |
no |
yes |
n.e+ |
no |
no+ |
no+ |
freedom of
religion in the broader sense |
no |
yes |
yes+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
freedom of
expression |
no |
yes |
n.e.+ |
no |
no+ |
no+ |
freedom of
association and assembly |
no o |
yes |
n.e.+ |
yes |
no+ |
no+ |
freedom of
trade unions |
no |
yes |
yes+ |
yes+ |
no o |
no+ |
Niger |
Cameroon |
Senegal |
Mali |
Zaire |
Zaire |
|
(1960) |
(1972) |
(1960) |
(1974) (1964)
(1978) |
|||
rights to
property |
no |
yes |
yes+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
inviolability
of domicile [ check ] |
no |
yes |
n.e+ |
no |
no+ |
no+ |
secret of
correspondence |
no |
yes |
n.e.+ |
no |
no+ |
no+ |
Social
fundamental Rights |
||||||
right to
material wellbeing |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes_ |
yes |
right to
work |
no |
yes |
n.e.+ |
yes+ |
no |
no |
right to
leisure |
no |
no |
no |
yes+ |
no |
no |
social
right to individual economic development |
no |
yes |
no |
no+ |
no |
no |
right to
education |
no |
yes |
n.e.+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE |
||||||
general
principles of justice |
no |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
no |
nulla
poena principle |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
no |
law never
retrospective |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
no |
state of
law |
no |
yes |
no |
yes |
yes |
no |
principle
of equality |
no |
yes |
n.e. |
no |
no |
no |
NATIONAL
IDENTITY AND PANAFRICANISM |
||||||
mention of
national diversity |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
yes |
no |
emphasis
on necessity of national unity |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
conservation
of own (national) values |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
reference
to ancestors |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
a specific
national ideology presented |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
return to
authenticity |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
mention is
made of the African personality |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
no |
yes |
reference
to other |
||||||
states/nations
in |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
general |
||||||
reference
to African nations/states |
no |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
explicit
reference to desirability of African unity |
no |
yes |
yes |
yes |
no |
yes |
POLITICOIDEOLOGICAL
POSITION |
||||||
Politico-ideological
principles mentioned |
yes |
yes |
yes |
no |
n.e |
yes |
affirmation
of principle. of democracy |
yes |
n.e. |
n.e.+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
reference
to sovereignty |
no+ |
yes+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
reference
to independence |
no+ |
yes |
yes |
no |
no |
yes |
form of
the state defined? |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
yes+ |
no+ |
no+ |
reference
to political parties |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
yes+ |
conservation
of universal values |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
the family
as the basis of society |
no |
yes |
no+ |
no |
yes |
no+ |
secularity |
no+ |
yes+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
no+ |
reference
to God |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
ECONOMIC
IDEOLOGY |
||||||
taxation
commensurate to income |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
no |
emphasis
on economic independence |
no |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
emphasis
on inter national economic |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
no |
collective
property respected |
no |
no |
yes |
no |
no |
no |
SOURCE
OF AUTHORITY |
||||||
source of
authority is the people |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
yes |
that
source explicitly enacts the following main body of the
constitution |
no |
no |
no |
no |
yes |
yes |
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